It is two decades since the first report of transcatheter implantation of a stented aortic valve in an animal. The first implantation of a transcatheter aortic valve in a human was accomplished just one decade ago dramatically demonstrating the promise and feasibility of this new therapy. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative However, women undergoing TAVI have different baseline clinical this intervention preferable to surgery in female patients with small aortic annuli. Where views/opinions are expressed, they are those of the author(s) and Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Degenerated Bioprosthetic Heart Valves Holger Eggebrecht, Ulrich Sch